A Guide to Using Important Japanese Gestures Properly

A Guide to Using Important Japanese Gestures Properly While language is a major way of communicating between cultures, a lot of information is packed in-between the lines. In every culture, there are subtleties to pay attention to in order to abide by social customs and rules of politeness. Here is a breakdown on important gestures in Japanese culture, from the right way to sit on a tatami mat to how to point at yourself.   The Proper Way to Sit on Tatami The Japanese have traditionally sat on tatami (a padded straw mat) at their homes. However, many homes today are completely Western in style and dont have Japanese style rooms with tatami. Many young Japanese are no longer able to sit properly on a tatami. The proper way of sitting on tatami is called seiza. Seiza requires that one bends the knees 180 degrees, tuck your calves under your thighs and sit on your heels. This can be a difficult posture to maintain if you are not used to it. This sitting posture requires practice, preferably from an early age. It is considered polite to sit seiza-style on formal occasions. Another more relaxed way of sitting on tatami is cross-legged (agura). Starting with legs out straight and folding them in like triangles. This posture is usually for men. Women would usually go from the formal to an informal sitting posture by shifting their feet just off to the side (iyokozuwari). Though most Japanese do not concern themselves with it, it is proper to walk without stepping in the edge of the tatami. The Right Way to Beckon in Japan The Japanese beckon with a waving motion with the palm down and the hand flapping up and down at the wrist. Westerners may confuse this with a wave and not realize they are being beckoned. Although this gesture (temaneki) is used by both men and women and all age groups, it is considered rude to beckon a superior this way. Maneki-neko is a cat ornament that sits and has its front paw raised as if it is calling for someone. It is believed to bring good luck and displayed in restaurants or other business in which customer turnover is important. How to Indicate Yourself (Who, Me?) The Japanese point to their noses with a forefinger to indicate themselves. This gesture is also done when wordlessly asking, who, me? Banzai Banzai literally means ten thousand years (of life). It is shouted during happy occasions while raising both arms. People shout banzai to express their happiness, to celebrate a victory, to hope for longevity and so on. It is commonly done together with a large group of people. Some non-Japanese confuse banzai with a war cry. It is probably because the Japanese soldiers shouted Tennouheika Banzai when they were dying during World War II. In this context, they meant Long live the Emperor or Salute the Emperor.

COLLEGE PAPER WRITING SERVICES from Professional Writers

COLLEGE PAPER WRITING SERVICES from Professional Writers A good essay helps you to develop your great skills that you will be thankful for every single day. Every achievement, every step that you make today does matter. Good essay writing skills can be broken down to simple writing skills. When you require professional college paper writing services assistance, we can deliver it to you as soon as you need it. And we took our time to list these important skills that are being developed through the essay and research paper writing. Here is the list of the most important writing skills.   Essay information analysis Data collection and data examination collected by you or previous researchers Doing thorough research Complete understanding of the topic or chosen theme Analytical thinking; Creative thinking; Critical thinking Clear expression both of views and ideas Correct grammar, punctuation, spelling and style Getting one clear message across your paper Personalized writing skills Good essay organization and structuring

Take Home Exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Take Home Exam - Essay Example In a broader sense, the objective theories are methodical, possessing a technical background. Their goal is to test proposed arguments in order to make a clear understanding of facts. They tend to ensure that authenticity is presented in an accurate way. The objective views are remarkable in determining the endeavors and certainty of the general laws. Avoidance of biasness by the researcher is excellent in the objective theories. They do not incorporate personal views of the researcher in the outcome of the research course. In the onset of the research, the objective theories begin with a notion of predictable outcomes. These predictions are the building blocks of the outcome in the objective theory. They tend to search for rationalization of the reasons for the responses that occur due to specific motivators in nature, with the use of scientific techniques of research that provide quantitative analysis of data derived from practical survey and analytical research. Conversely, interpretative theories base their arguments and understanding on communication portraying that reality is a communal affair. The language of a community is portrayed as the base of realism. If pursued further, they tend to lay emphasis on written language as the starting point for reality. The interpretative theories tend to have a specific standpoint that they assume is the most important position for putting forward factors concerning reality. They tend to have a biased approach towards the truth. Personal opinion of the researcher is welcome in the outcome of the findings. Each finding is explained in its own circumstance. They also tend to promote believe that the intention of research is cognizant of the prevailing situation, leaving researchers to incorporate their own ideologies in the research findings. A good objective theory seeks to produce the final information from the data acquired in the research as well as explaining the meaning of all data appearing on the findings. It

Advertisement for LibraTech Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Advertisement for LibraTech - Research Paper Example otes and documents from the convenience of their homes, and without having to carry heavy text books.The exact answer to all these problems being faced by different scholars has been solved by LibraTech Company.LibraTech is a Company that deals with information technology and that has tried to come up with a way of solving the reading problem of different individuals.The main objective of the company is ensuring accessibility and reducing unwieldy procedures in reading.The Company is seeking a situation where readers can access any type of book online without any difficulty.With this advanced technology,readers will also be able to read their documents very fast and easily due to the flip-page technology.In addition,eReading will also make articles which normally seem boring to be interesting due to the use of different colors and patterns.Thus,the technology also improves the reading morale of the reader and builds his or her interest.The technology is very convenient and very cruci al for any person irrespective of the work that they may be doing. This is because; people can also access novels, travel books and even academic notes using the eReading version. Therefore, any individual who is seeking to access a wide variety of readings ranging from novels and notes to journals, should look no further than the LibraTech Company. In addition, individuals seeking to cut down on the time spent when reading books and manuals should embrace the flip-page technology in order to save on their precious time. Furthermore, the technology will also help them to save on time spend when searching for a book. This is because; as opposed to case where a person has to walk from one bookstore to another searching for a book, with the eReading technology all a person has to do is type the book title and click the enter button to search for it. The product will be named the ‘Read Engine’. The name is very suitable for the eReading technology since; eReading is like a type of formula that is mainly trying to help individuals to enlarge their reading capacity and save time. From Physics, an engine or machine is defined as something makes work easier. Therefore, the name indeed fits the product perfectly since; It is trying to make the reading work easier for all readers. In addition, eReading is also like an engine since it will be managing a lot of data at the same time. It will be being accessed by a large number of persons and thus; it will involve heavy duty running just like any other machine. The other reason as to why I chose this name for the product is because; it is a name that will build curiosity in many people thus; attracting a large number of customers to try out and prove if indeed the name describes it perfectly. The name will indeed create the brand image that the Company is seeking since; it is very unique and intriguing. Therefore, people will want to know what indeed is meant by the name ‘Read Engine’. Consequentl y, out of curiosity they will end up knowing about the technology and thus applying it in their studying too. Advertisement Plan Target Market In order to launch a perfect advertising campaign, the plan for LibraTech will first have to indicate the key target market of the company. In the use of this technology, generally the product can

Background of Benjamin Franklin Essay Example for Free

Background of Benjamin Franklin Essay â€Å"The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin† was thought by himself to be â€Å"the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection†. It refers to when he was in his twenties, around 1726, he found himself jobless; penniless; in debt and suddenly a single father. He was very intelligent and he knew there was definitely something wrong in his life and he was eager to make a change. So he wrote this autobiography not only to tell his son about his life but also to improve his financial situation and to provide a model for self-improvement for anyone interested. In order to achieve his goal, Franklin developed and committed himself to a personal improvement program that consisted of thirteen virtues. Actually, Franklin found twelve virtues out of thirteen in the reading (124). And another one was from the suggestion of his friend (133). Franklin made a list of thirteen virtues as follow: silence; order; resolution; frugality; industry; sincerity ; justice; moderation; cleanliness; tranquility; chastity and humility (125-126). The first eight virtues relate to people’s attitudes towards their daily activities and their challenges, which belongs to personal virtues . The last five virtues that Franklin stated concern one’s attitudes toward people with whom one has to be dealings, which fall into social virtues. Franklin set forth the thirteen virtues in a very practical and rational way. Simultaneously, he gave reasons for the order of these virtues (126). He put temperance at the top of the list, while humility came last. If a person can conquer temperance, such a primal urge for food or drink, he can keep a cool and clean mind to do something more important, thus making self-development in other virtues. Overall, his rational arrangement for the virtues makes each prior virtue help Franklin acquire each following virtue. In order to acquire these thirteen virtues, Franklin charted his daily progress, focusing his attention on one virtue each week, so after thirteen weeks he had completed all the virtues (127-128). Keeping track of his successes and failures in a small book, he kept it with him at all times for many years. Every night before going to bed, he would reflect and evaluate himself on what he had acquired and what he had failed. His goal was to minimize faults in his life, thus indicating he was moving toward living a more virtuous life free of mistakes. Although Franklin tried to follow the virtues himself, he sometimes strayed from his good intentions. The most troublesome virtue he met with was order (130-132). It was partly because Franklins good memory made order not as necessary. When he was young he remembered whenever he left anything. As he grew older, his memory became poorer and poorer, which caused him problems with order. Partly because he was a business man to be interrupted from the public frequently so that he could not focus on something as it was expected. Another troublesome virtue Franklin confronted with was humility (133). Virtually, Franklin was born to be proud, but he had to pretend to be humble in public so that he could establish a good social status. Though Franklin admitted in his autobiography that he often fell short, he believed the process helped make him a better man and contributed to his success and happiness (131-132). For example, temperance contributed to his long life and good health. As for persisting in Industry and Frugality, he accumulated a lot of wealth and gained a large scope of knowledge to do scientific research. All those virtues together had shaped Franklin’s very pleasant personality. Furthermore, the autobiography indicates Franklin was very intelligent. Initially, he could list out these virtues in the reading (124) and the method of virtues was very rational for people to follow(127). In all his life, Franklin had followed his plan of virtues and become a person full of virtuousness. He also set a good model for the descendants to follow and expressed his good will for them (132). As for the autobiography itself, I completely agree with his consents â€Å"the bold and arduous project.† It means that it was not easy for people to follow. But Franklin himself had proved to be very successful in many fields by following his plan of thirteen virtues. Franklin was also a very responsible person because he educated and raised his son on his own. He was passionate about science, that’s why he had made great contribution to our society, making a lot of inventions: lighting rod, Franklin’s stove and odometer, so on and so forth. The autobiography can be of great use to others. If only we descendants can follow his virtues, we can make great self-improvement in our own fields and in moral standards. I have been reckoning how Franklin made his own name? When he was twenty-two years old, he was strikingly impoverished and a single father. But by the age of forty-two, Franklin had achieved all his goals, which were not acquired by accident, but by his strong faith in his virtues. For more than twenty years, six days a week with dirty hands, Franklin had been doing the routine work in the printing house. Every night he constantly made self-criticism on what he had achieved and what he should have to acquire. If only I can follow some of Franklin’s thirteen virtues, I am definitely making great progress in my study overseas and in my future teaching career. Take the virtue order for example, it sounds so minor that we can easily neglect in our daily life, actually, searching for items for class every day is always time-consuming. If I can arrange everything in its place, I would study more efficiently and achieve much higher grades. Of course, the thirteen virtues are a good guide for me to follow. In fact, keeping track of how well I do in maintaining the virtues and having positive character traits, as Franklin did, is worth trying.

Predators and Prey in Upton Sinclairs The Jungle :: Upton Sinclair Jungle Essays

Predators and Prey in Upton Sinclair's The Jungle Throughout Upton Sinclair's The Jungle, the author demonstrates the greed of Capitalism and how it gives politicians and businessmen the ability to exploit the immigrants population. Sinclair's main purpose in naming the book, The Jungle, is to put the reader's focus on the heartless politics of Capitalism. If he had named the book Stockyards or Packingtown, a person's concentration may be solely on these places. It is evident that Capitalism does not equally distribute the industries ruling, but rather allows certain groups to dominate the workers. The businessmen and politicians took advantages of this right and did not allow the immigrants to respond. They treated them very poorly, often working them so hard that they died or suffered from life long injuries. Since the story's main setting is in Packingtown, the reader is familiarized with this town and is engrossed with its surroundings. With the title The Jungle, the reader will want to closely examine why Sinclair c hose this title instead. With another name, the reader might have been inclined to get distracted by the gruesome details and not have realized the Socialist concept that he was trying to convey. This title was necessary to enthrall the reader's mind to think about his purpose. The life in Packingtown resembles the jungle life because the weak and the old are rejected, while the strong and the young are wanted for awhile, which is the main idea in Social Darwinism. "Here was Durhams's, for instance, owned by a man who was trying to make as much money out of it as he could, and did not care in the least how he did it; and ranged in ranks and grades like an army...each one driving the man next below him and trying to squeeze out of him..." (63). In the jungle, it is evident that the animals care little of other species when they kill. heir main motive is to capture food. As is the case, for the politicians and businessmen, who gain immense power through Capitalism. These men manipulated the immigrants to become successful, which was their main objective. "Jurgis talked lightly about work, because he was young...He was the sort of man the bosses like to get hold of.

Coffee Ulbs Essay

Coffee is a brewed beverage with a distinct aroma and flavor from the roasted seeds of the coffea plant. Coffee comes in many types of colour such as dark brown,white,beige,black,light brown,and more. Coffee was first discovered in the northeast region of Ethopia. Cofee cultivation first took place in southern Arabia,appears in the middle of the 15th century in the Sufi shrines of Yemen. According to the ancient chronicle,Omar who was known for his ability to cure sick through prayer was once exiled from Mocha,Yemen to a desert cave near Ousab. Starving,Omar chewed berries from nearby shrubbery but found them to the bitter. He tried roasting the seeds to improve the flavor,but they become hard. He then tried boiling them to soften the seeds,which resulted in a fragrant brown liquid. Upon drinking the liquid,Omar was revitalized and sustained for days. As stories of this ‘miracle drug’ reached Mocha,Omar was asked to return and was made a saint. In production of coffee,it consist of many steps such as processing,roasting,grading the roasting seeds,decaffeination,stored,brewing and finally be served. When processing the coffee,the berries of coffee have been traditionally and selectively picked by hand,only the berries at the peak of ripeness would be selected. After that,green coffee is process by one of two methods. Whether by dry process method or wet process method. Then,it will be sorted by ripeness and colour. After that,the seeds are fermented to remove the slimy layer of mucilage still present on the seeds. When the fermentation is finished,the seeds are washed to remove the fermentation residue. Then,the seeds are dried. Finally,the coffee is sorted again and been labeled. The roasting process influences the taste of the beverage by changing the coffee seed both physically and chemically. During roasting,caramelization occurs as intense heat that breaks down starches,changing them to simple sugars that begin to brown,which alters the colour of seeds. Then the seeds will be grading depends on the colour of roasting seeds. It will be labeled as light,medium light,medium,medium dark,dark or very dark. The degree of roast has an effect upon coffee flavor and body. Many methods can remove the caffeine from coffee,but all involve either soaking the green seeds in hot water or steaming them and using a solvent to dissolve caffeine that containing oils. Once roasted,coffee seeds must be stored properly to preserve the fresh taste of the seeds. Coffee seeds must be ground and brewed to create a beverage. Almost all methods of preparing coffee require the seeds to be ground and mixed with hot water long enough to extract the flavor,but without overextraction that draws out bitter compounds. The roasted coffee may be ground at a roaster,in a grocery store or in the home. Then,the coffee may be brewed by several methods such as boiled,steeped,or pressurized. Once brewed,coffee may be served in a variety of ways. As an example,the white coffee was made into dairy product such as milk or cream or dairy substitute or as a black coffee with no such addition. It may be sweetened with sugar or artificial sweetener.

The American Sign Language

The American Sign Language or ASL is a formal and structured means by which people are able to communicate. Like all other languages, the ASL also follows specific structures or guidelines that set how this particular system is used to communicate. Over the years, there had been various definitions presented framing what the ASL is all about, as mentioned by Harry Markowicz in his transcript. However, Markowicz strongly discloses how established and generalized definitions of the ASL are, in actuality, myths that should be debunked in order to give way to the formation of a clear and factual connotation of the ASL.In Markowicz’ transcript, he revealed six myths about the ASL, thoroughly discussing justifications as to why widely held beliefs and ideas about ASL or simply sign language are, most of the time, inaccurate and false. According to Markowicz, sign language is not a universal language which is utilized and understood by the deaf populations all over the world. Like al l other languages, ASL differs from other systems of sign languages in other countries, just as the English language differs from the German, French, Spanish, etc. languages in form and in structure.Another myth is the widely held belief that since language is based on the meaning of words or sentences expressed, the sign language is also based on the conveyance of words or sentences through gestures. Some other beliefs relate to the idea that the ASL is a translation or a transposition of the English language. However, the sign language does not work that way. Communication through sign language, or the ASL for that matter, is based on concepts or impressions that may be expressed singularly through gestures. (Markowicz, 1980)The third myth has something do with how people often undervalue the sign language as merely a system of language through arbitrary gestures diminishing its formal and systematic structure. Markowicz revealed how the sign language follows various rules that co nstitute a succession of concurrent body movements, facial expressions, gestures, etc. Another myth is how the sign language is regarded as simply iconic or graphic. However, Markowicz argued how considering the sign language as simply a visual means of communication does not justify the system’s purpose of facilitating communication for the deaf.He rationalized that if the sign language is truly and simply iconic or visual, then people without hearing problems would be able to understand the language. This means that the sign language is not merely a visual stimulus, but a succession of meaningful concepts that are conveyed through the process of communication. (Markowicz, 1980) The fifth myth limits the communicative process facilitated by the sign language. Many people believe that the sign language is only capably of transmitting concrete and discrete ideas, leaving out the abstract and conceptual ideas that are easily expressed through words.Markowicz discounts this view by proving how the ASL has formal signs or gestures for abstract ideas such as love, faith, and such. The last myth discussed by Markowicz again touches on the issue of the form and structure of the sign language. People overlook the structural aspect of the sign language by disregarding how it is formed under grammatical rules and expressions. Markowicz justified his position by stating examples on how a particular thought differentiated by various patterns of inflections may be expressed through sign language according to their correct word arrangements. (Markowicz, 1980)The aforementioned arguments and justifications of Markowicz may be further proven by looking into other research studies, discussions, or transcripts concerning the sign language. For instance, the research study conducted by Padden and Ramsey (2000) regarding the ability of deaf children to read textual data as it is related to methods and strategies of instruction, has revealed how the sign language is not uni versal and word-based. The results and conclusions obtained from the research study have revealed how the competencies of deaf students differ according to their culture, family, and school environment.This means that based on discrepancies or gaps concerning sign language competencies among deaf students, they may not be able to communicate effectively even through shared sign language. Moreover, this particular research study proves that the sign language is not word-based since deaf students who read texts do not express the ideas from the book through the exact words or sentences in the text, but through various concepts or whole ideas gained from reading them.(Padden & Ramsey, 2000) Moreover, this also means that if deaf children are able to translate written texts to concepts in sign languages, this means that sign language is not simply a representation of concrete ideas, but also complex abstract thoughts and ideas that originated from the thinking process involved in unders tanding, analyzing, and judging written texts. The discussion relayed by Bellugi and Klima (1975) also supports Markowicz’ arguments by revealing how the sign language is formed or structured, debunking myths of it being merely glorified gestures and ungrammatical.According to Bellugi and Klima, the signs or gestures are translated into notational representations that form a complete thought or idea which is distinguishable in the English language. In addition, for each word or though represented through signs or gestures, there are proper and exact portrayal of simultaneous movements as observed in the figures included in Beluggi and Klima’s discussions. (Bellugi & Klima, 1975) Liddell (1980) explored the grammatical structure of the sign language comprehensively by analyzing the syntactic components of the ASL alongside the English language.On the other hand, the research study of Pettito (2000) discredits the myth about the sign language as iconic, which means that communication through the sign language is simply visual in nature, eliminating the form, structure, the grammar, and the formal learning process behind it. According to Pettito, babies will not be able to exhibit the formal and structural nature of either signed or spoken language, unless they are exposed to sign language or spoken language within their immediate environment.(Pettito, 2000) This rationalization supports Markowicz assumptions that a child will not be able to fully understand the concept of milk, unless he is exposed to the nature or processes behind the word. (Markowicz, 1980) References Bellugi, U. & Klima, E. S. (1975). â€Å"Aspects of Sign Language and its Structure† In: Kavanagh, James F. ; Cutting, James E. (eds. ). The Role of Speech in Language. Cambridge: MIT Press [335 pp. ], pp. 171-203. Retrieved February 20, 2009, from http://old. lib. ucdavis. edu/access/reserv/courses/90334. pdf Liddell, S. K. (1980) American Sign Language Syntax.The Hague: Mou ton, [194 pp. ], pp. 10-23, 68-80. Retrieved February 20, 2009, from http://old. lib. ucdavis. edu/access/reserv/courses/90335. pdf Markowicz, H. (1980) â€Å"Myths about American Sign Language† In: Lane, Harlan; Grosjean, Francois (eds. ). Recent Perspectives on American Sign Language. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, [170 pp. ], pp. 1-6. Retrieved February 20, 2009, from http://old. lib. ucdavis. edu/access/reserv/courses/90333. pdf Padden C. & Ramsey, C. (2000) â€Å"American Sign Language and Reading Ability in Deaf Children† In: Chamberlain, Charlene; Morford, Jill P. ; Mayberry, Rachel I.(eds. ). Language Acquisition by Eye. Mahwah, N. J. : Lawrence Erlbaum [276 p. ], pp. 165- 168, 177-189. Retrieved February 20, 2009, from http://old. lib. ucdavis. edu/access/reserv/courses/90337. pdf Petitto, L. A. (2000) â€Å"The Acquisition of Natural Signed Languages: Lessons in the Nature of Human Language and its Biological Foundations† In: Chamberlain, Charlene; Morford, J ill P. ; Mayberry, Rachel I. (eds. ). Language Acquisition by Eye. Mahwah, N. J. : Lawrence Erlbaum [276 p. ], pp. 41-50. Retrieved February 20, 2009, from http://old. lib. ucdavis. edu/access/reserv/courses/90336. pdf

Words of War for Spanish Students

Words of War for Spanish Students Looking for a different perspective on the news of the world? If so, check out one of the many Spanish-language news sources and get an idea of what people in Latin America or Spain or other Spanish-speaking places are reading. If the news is about war, you may find this vocabulary list helpful. War Vocabulary List Alphabetized in Spanish Words below are alphabetized in Spanish; see the next section for the same words alphabetized in English. el alto el fuego - cease-fireel arma, las armas - weapon, weaponslas armas de destruccià ³n masiva - weapons of mass destructionatacar - to attackel ataque - attackla baja - casualty (death)base (aà ©rea, military)  - (air, military) basela batalla - battlela baterà ­a - batteryel blanco (militar) - (military) targetla bomba - bombbombardear - to bombcivil - civilian (noun or adjective)el/la comandante - commanderel combate - combatel/la (no) combatiente  - (non)combatantel conflicto - conflictla Convencià ³n de Ginebra - Geneva Conventionel/la coronel - colonelel criminal de guerra - war criminallos derechos humanos - human rightsderribar - to shoot down, to bring downdestruir - destroyel ejà ©rcito - armyencontrarse cautivo - to be taken captiveestar en control, encontrarse en control - to be in controlla explosià ³n - explosionlas fuerzas aà ©reas - air forcelas fuerzas aliadas - allied forceslas fuerzas armadas (FF. AA.) - armed forcesel/l a general - generalel gobierno - governmentla granada - grenade la guerra - warel helicà ³ptero - helicopterherido - injuredherir - to injurelas hostilidades - hostilitieshumanitario - humanitarianla inteligencia militar - military intelligencela invasià ³n - invasionla marina - navymatar - to killmilitar - military (adjective)el/la militar - soldier, fighterel misil - missilela muerte - deathel objector de conciencia - conscientious objectorla ofensiva - offensivela patrulla (patrullar, estar de patrulla) - patrol (to patrol, to be on patrol)la paz - peaceel/la piloto - pilotel preso de guerra, el prisionero de guerra - prisoner of warla propaganda - propagandaresguardar - to protect againstla resistencia - resistancesacudir - to strike, to hitsangriento - bloodyel/la soldado - soldierel tanque, el carro de combate - tankel territorio - territoryel/la terrorista - terroristlas tropas - troops War Vocabulary Alphabetized in Enlish air force - las fuerzas aà ©reasallied forces - las fuerzas aliadasarmed forces - las fuerzas armadasarmy - el ejà ©rcito(air, military) base - base (aà ©rea, military)attack - el ataqueto attack - atacarbattery - la baterà ­abattle - la batallato be in control - estar en control, encontrarse en controlto be taken captive - encontrarse cautivobloody - sangrientobomb - la bombato bomb - bombardearcasualty - la baja (death), el/la herido (injured person)cease-fire - el alto el fuegocivilian (noun or adjective) - civilcolonel - el/la coronelcombat - el combate(non)combatant - el/la (no) combatientecommander - el/la comandanteconflict - el conflictoconscientious objector - el objector de concienciadeath - la muertedestroy - destruirexplosion - la explosià ³ngeneral - el/la generalGeneva Convention - la Convencià ³n de Ginebragovernment - el gobiernogrenade - la granadahelicopter - el helicà ³pterohostilities - las hostilidadeshumanitarian - humanit ariohuman rights - los derechos humanosto injure - herir injured - heridoinvasion - la invasià ³nto kill - matarmilitary (adjective) - militarmilitary intelligence - la inteligencia militarmissile - el misilnavy - la marinaoffensive - la ofensivapatrol (to patrol, to be on patrol) - la patrulla (patrullar, estar de patrulla)peace - la pazpilot - el/la pilotoprisoner of war - el preso de guerra, el prisionero de guerrapropaganda - la propagandato protect against - resguardarresistance - la resistenciato shoot down, to bring down - derribarsoldier, fighter - el/la militar, el/la soldadoto strike, to hit - sacudirtank - el tanque, el carro de combate(military) target - el blanco (militar)territory - el territorioterrorist - el/la terroristatroops - las tropaswar - la guerrawar criminal - el criminal de guerraweapon, weapons - el arma, las armasweapons of mass destruction - las armas de destruccià ³n masiva

First and Second Triumvirates of Rome

First and Second Triumvirates of Rome A triumvirate is a system of government wherein three people share the highest political power. The term originated in Rome during the final collapse of the republic; it literally means the rule of three men (tres  viri). The members of a triumvirate may or may not be elected and may or may not rule in accordance with existing legal norms. The First Triumvirate An alliance of  Julius Caesar,  Pompey  (Pompeius Magnus) and  Marcus Licinius Crassus  ruled Rome from 60 BCE to 54 BCE. These three men consolidated power in the waning days of Republican Rome. Although Rome had expanded far beyond central Italy, its political institutions established when Rome was just one more small city-state among others failed to keep pace. Technically, Rome was still just a city on the Tiber River, governed by a Senate; provincial governors largely ruled outside of Italy and with few exceptions, the people of the provinces lacked the same dignity and rights that Romans (i.e., people who lived in Rome) enjoyed. For a century before the First Triumvirate, the republic was rocked by slave revolts, pressure from Gallic tribes to the north, corruption in the provinces and civil wars. Powerful men more powerful than the Senate, at times occasionally exercised informal authority with the walls of Rome. Against that backdrop, Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus aligned to bring order out of chaos but the order lasted a scant six years. The three men ruled until 54 BCE. In 53, Crassus was killed and by 48, Caesar defeated Pompey at Pharsalus and ruled alone until his assassination in the Senate in 44. The Second Triumvirate The Second Triumvirate consisted of Octavian (Augustus), Marcus Aemilius Lepidus and Mark Antony. The Second Triumvirate was an official body created in 43 B.C., known as Triumviri Rei Publicae Constituendae Consulari Potestate. Consular power was assigned to the three men. Usually, there were only two elected consuls. The triumvirate, despite a five-year term limit, was renewed for a second term. The Second Triumvirate differed from the first insofar as it was a legal entity explicitly endorsed by the Senate, not a private agreement among strongmen. However, the Second suffered the same fate as the First: Internal bickering and jealousy led to its weakening and collapse. First to fall was Lepidus. After a power play against Octavian, he was stripped of all of his offices except for  Pontifex Maximus  in 36 and later banished to a remote island. Antony having lived since 40 with Cleopatra of Egypt and growing increasingly isolated from the power politics of Rome was decisively defeated in 31 at the Battle of Actium and thereafter committed suicide with Cleopatra in 30. By 27, Octavian had retitled himself  Augustus, effectively becoming the first emperor of Rome. Although Augustus paid particular care to use the language of the republic, thus maintaining a fiction of republicanism well into the first and second centuries CE, the power of the Senate and its consuls had been broken and the Roman Empire began its nearly half-millennium of influence across the Meditteranean world.

LANGUAGE, CULTURE, AND COMMUNICATION Assignment

LANGUAGE, CULTURE, AND COMMUNICATION - Assignment Example The goal of the speaker was to show how negatively we can use the word ‘I Am’ and delivered the message to use it positively. Pastor Joel Osteen kept the audience alive by putting a little smile on their face. He used many non-verbal skills to become the main and only focus of the audience. His gestures and facial expressions were eye catching and added more meaning to the message he wanted to deliver. Kinesics during a speech enhances the meaning of the objective and conveys the message more powerfully. In the speech ‘The Power of I Am’, the participants belonged to different race, culture, class and gender. As it was a sermon there was no racial discrimination and no class differences were seen in this video. It was a very large but well behaved and organised crowd with people from all walks of life were enjoying the speech. Men and women were together as the speech did not belong to a specific gender but was for the purpose of bringing positivity in the life of everyone. The language dialect quiz is conducted to find out about the geographical point of origin of the people who have taken this quiz. The issues that can arise during a conversation because of different accents and different terminologies will be observed from this quiz. The provided link for the quiz was conducted and a big difference was noticed between the two participant with whom the quiz was held. The participants mostly had different terminologies for words and few terms used by two different individuals were not known to each other. They had different words for the same thing and were not aware of the existence of each other’s word. They had polar accents and it was proved from the very first question of the quiz as both the participants used different pronunciations for the words. From the result of this quiz it is analysed the people belonging to different regions have

Dividend Policy in Publicly Traded Companies Essay

Dividend Policy in Publicly Traded Companies - Essay Example For a firm with good future growth and investment opportunities, investors want the firm to put the earnings in other investment opportunities. Where as for a non growth company, investors would prefer present dividend income rather future capital gains which are uncertain. [2] Dividend policy of a firm will divide the earnings into two parts as Dividends and Retained Earnings. Dividends are paid to the investors as cash for their share of the assets of the company. Where as Retained Earnings are used to fund the long term growth of the company, which are used to generate future earnings. The percentage of Dividends distributed and Retained Earnings are determined by the Payout Ratio of the Dividend Policy. Higher the Payout ratio, higher the Dividends and lower the Payout Ratio imply lower the Dividends. Usually growth oriented firms have lower payout ratio and higher Retention Ratio. That means large amount of earnings are retained to increase future earnings. The investors of low dividend paid companies will get their returns through capital gains. The relation between growth and Payout Ratio can be best understood by Dividends on one hand increase cash earnings of the investors and reduce the share on the assets of the firm. In the case of high tax on the earnings of the dividends by the government investors are more interested in firm to keep the earnings for future growth of the earnings. Otherwise for a low growth oriented firm investors want cash dividends as they can earn more return else where. According to Miller and Modigliani in a perfect market condition and in a no tax situation investors are indifferent to a company that pays dividend and another not pays dividend. What ever the investors lose in the form dividends are gained through capital appreciation. The investors believe that the dividends are put to earn further gains in the future. On the expectation of increased future earnings the prices of the stock increase giving the investors capital investors which they can make by selling the stock at higher price. But stock market history shows us that dividends are really matter for any particular stock. Most of the non dividend paying companies are invariably loss making dogs[4] These companies does not have earnings capacity in their business and are struggling even to pay the dividends shareholders. Investors think the company has lost the earning capacity. The selling pressure decreases the prices of those non dividend company shares. This is quite opposite to what the dividend theory of stock market as well as what Miller-Modigliani postulated. "One look at the JSE highest dividend yield share reveals the problem: It is Northern Engineering Industries Africa whose 3 000% dividend yield places it way ahead of second placed SA Reit at 70%."[5] The above example explains that the highest dividend paying Northern Engineering Industries has a higher price than the SA Reit, in spite of both the companies operate in the same industry. Higher dividends attract more and more investor interest in the stock. Thus the price of the shares increases on the future dividends as well as capital gains. Based